The term antonym (and the related antonymy) has also been commonly used as a term that is synonymous with opposite; however, the term also has other more restricted meanings. One usage has antonym referring to both gradable opposites, such as long : short, and (non-gradable) complementary opposites, such as male : female, while opposites of the types up : down and precede : follow are excluded from the definition.
A third usage (particularly that of the influential Lyons 1968, 1977) defines the term antonym as referring to only gradable opposites (the long : short type) while the other types are referred to with different terms. Therefore, as Crystal (2003) warns, the terms antonymy and antonym should be regarded with care. In this article, the usage of Lyons (1963, 1977) and Cruse (1986, 2004) will be followed where antonym is restricted to gradable opposites and opposite is used as the general term referring to any of the subtypes discussed below.

You can’t know everything. The most important thing is that you want to learn and actively persues the info !
Trust your Lust !

Simply add the path to the file. If you wish to add multiple folders just insert a semi colon between the paths

PYTHONPATH = D:\Projects\python

To check wich paths Maya has setup run the following Python script in the script editor.

import sys

syspaths = sys.path

for p in syspaths: print p

Module

A Module is simply a standalone Python file and can consist of how many or few lines of code as required.

Packages

One convenient way to distribute Python scripts is to use packages. To make a folder into a package add a file called __init__.py to the folder. This file does not need to contain anything but a convenient thing is to import the modules inside the folder ( or package ). Importing in the __init__.py file lets us access the “sub modules” through the package namespace. Letsuse an example to demonstrate this.

We have in our maya.env file added the path to a folder containing scripts or packages we wish to access. In the folder specified by the python path we add a folder called “petfactory” for instance. This folder contains a file called __init__.py and a python module ( script file ) named mammal.py. Below is the content of the mammal.py file.

Below is the content of the mammal.py file. For an intro to creating a python class see the post Intro to Python – How to write a class

class Pet(object):

	type = 'mammal'

	def __init__(self, aSpecies):
		self.species = aSpecies
		print('a pet %s was created' %self.species)

	def speak(self, aSound):
		print(aSound * 2)

Below is the content of the __init__.py file.

import mammal

So when we wish to create a Pet in Maya we enter the following in a Python tab in the script editor

import petfactory

# create a Pet instance
myPet = petfactory.mammal.Pet("Dog")

myPet.species
# Result: Dog #

class Pet(object):

    # When a var is declared in the class scope it is
    # available to all instances.
    # Further more we do not need to instantiate the class to access it.
    # To me it seems equivalent to static vars of other languages.

    type = 'mammal'

    # The __init__ function is run when a the class is instantiated.
    # Altough it seems like a constructor it isn´t.
    # The __init__ function is not required,
    # but if defined it will run when an object is instantiated.

    def __init__(self, aSpecies):
        self.species = aSpecies
        print('a pet %s was created' %self.species)

    # the first arg to a method is aleays self, it is ref to the instance
    # if you leave this out you will get argument error.

    def speak(self, aSound):
        print(aSound * 2)

# Lets create an instance of our Pet class
# and give it a species of type dog

a = Pet('dog')

# then lets check out some properties of our new pet !

a.species
# Result: 'dog' #

a.type
# Result: 'mammal' #

a.speak('wooof ');
# prints wooof wooof

And some complementary trivia from Wiki:

The word “mammal” comes from the Latin mamma (“breast”). All female mammals nurse their young with milk which comes out from special glands, the mammary glands

// Warning: Material "VRayMtl6@material" produced overbright or invalid color
 (rgb=1.#INF00 1.#INF00 1.#INF00). //
// Warning: Material "VRayMtl4@material" produced overbright or invalid color
 (rgb=1.#INF00 1.#INF00 1.#INF00). //
// Warning: Invalid light cache sample(s). //

When I looked at the light multiplier it said inf. When I tried to use the slider it toggled between inf and nan. I interpret that as infinite and not a number. Really strange. I set it back to a resonable number using the keyboard and the error was gone.

Weird.